第158章刘采春的《啰唝曲》唱哭江南媳妇
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第158章刘采春的《啰唝曲》唱哭江南媳妇(第1/2页)
中唐的江南,水路比陆路热闹得多——秦淮河上的商船挤得像串珠子,船头插着“盐”“布”“茶”的旗子,船工的号子顺着水漂,能传到半里地外。这热闹里,藏着多少媳妇的眼泪?男人驾着船去经商,一去就是三五年,留下女人守着空屋子,天天往江边跑,盼着那艘熟悉的船能早点回来。
刘采春就是看着这些眼泪,写出了《啰唝曲》。她跟着戏班跑江湖,每到一个码头,都能看见这样的媳妇——有的蹲在江边洗衣,眼睛却盯着来往的船;有的攥着丈夫临走时留的帕子,在码头转来转去;还有的凑在一起聊天,说着说着就抹起了眼泪。这些场景像钉子一样扎在她心里,她想:“我得把她们的心里话唱出来,让更多人知道她们的苦。”
《全唐诗》里存了她六首《啰唝曲》,没一句文绉绉的词,全是老百姓的家常话,每一句都像蘸了眼泪,一唱就有人哭。
“不喜秦淮水”:恨的不是水,是把人带走的别离
第一首《啰唝曲》,刘采春一开口就把人心揪紧了:
“不喜秦淮水,生憎江上船。
载儿夫婿去,经岁又经年。”
现在说“恨得牙痒痒”,刘采春那时候直接用“不喜”“生憎”——这俩词多冲啊,不是小打小闹的埋怨,是从心里往外冒的恨。她恨的真是秦淮水、江上船吗?当然不是。
秦淮水是江南的“母亲河”,平时媳妇们洗衣、淘米都靠它,哪会真恨?江上船是谋生的指望,男人靠它去经商,家里的吃穿用度都从船上运回来,哪会真憎?她恨的,是这水、这船,把她的夫婿给载走了;恨的是这一去,就是“经岁又经年”——一年又一年,连个归期都没有。
刘采春在苏州演出时,唱到这一句,台下有个穿蓝布衫的媳妇哭出了声。演出结束后,那媳妇拉着刘采春的手说:“姑娘,你唱到我心坎里了!我家那口子就是去年坐着秦淮的船去扬州经商的,临走时说‘三个月就回来’,现在都一年多了,连封信都没有。我看见秦淮水就难受,看见船就心慌,总觉得是它们把他带走的。”
刘采春拍着她的手,没多说什么——她懂这种感受。有次戏班在秦淮河畔搭台,她看见一个老妇人,每天天不亮就来河边,拿着根竹竿,对着水面轻轻戳,嘴里念叨着“把我家老头子送回来”。后来才知道,老妇人的丈夫十年前坐船去了外地,再也没回来,她就天天来河边“等”。
这种恨,不是真的怨怼,是思念到极致的“反话”。就像现在跟朋友抱怨“讨厌死你了,这么久不来看我”,其实心里是想对方想得紧。刘采春把这种“口是心非”的思念写进词里,一下子就戳中了那些等丈夫的媳妇——她们嘴上恨水、恨船,心里却比谁都盼着,这水、这船能把人早点送回来。
有次在南京演出,台下有个船工师傅跟刘采春说:“姑娘,你这词写得太实在了!我每天在秦淮河上撑船,见多了这样的媳妇,有的在码头一等就是大半天,船开过去了,还站在那儿望。你这么一唱,我们这些撑船的,都知道该多跟她们说句‘别着急,说不定下次就回来了’。”
“莫作商人妇”:金钗当卜钱,错认多少船
如果说第一首是“恨”,那第二首《啰唝曲》就是“疼”:
“莫作商人妇,金钗当卜钱。
朝朝江口望,错认几人船。”
开头“莫作商人妇”五个字,像一声叹息,又像一句劝诫——是自己尝过苦,才不想别人再走这条路。刘采春为啥这么说?因为她在跑江湖时,见了太多商人妇的难。
有个在杭州卖丝绸的商人媳妇,家里条件不算差,可男人一年到头回不了家。有次刘采春去她家借水喝,看见她的梳妆台上摆着一堆金钗、银镯,她却说:“这些东西再好,不如他回来陪我吃顿饭。”有次她想知道丈夫啥时候回来,就把最心爱的金钗拿出来当卜钱——扔一次,要是正面朝上,就觉得“快回来了”;要是反面,就偷偷抹眼泪,再扔一次。
金钗是姑娘家的心爱之物,平时舍不得戴,擦得锃亮收在盒子里,只有过节、走亲戚才拿出来。到了商人妇手里,金钗成了“占卜的工具”,不是缺钱,是缺个准信儿——缺个“他什么时候回来”的准信儿。刘采春把“金钗当卜钱”这个细节写进词里,比说一万句“我想他”都管用,因为这是真真切切的“盼”。
更戳心的是“朝朝江口望,错认几人船”。想想那个画面:天刚蒙蒙亮,江边还有雾,媳妇裹着厚头巾,站在码头的石头上,眼睛盯着江面。远处来了一艘船,她赶紧踮起脚,手搭在额头上看——“是不是他的船?”船近了,不是,她的肩膀垮下来,叹了口气;过一会儿又来一艘,她又凑过去看,还是不是……一天下来,错认了好几艘船,最后太阳落山了,空着手回家,连饭都
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