第989章 曲沃代翼
笔趣阁(biquge321.com)更新快,无弹窗!
ps:今晚还有一章
从古至今,取名一直是个大学问,有规矩,也有忌讳,周代贵族给新生儿取名便有六个忌讳,即:不能以本国名为名;不能以官职为名;不能以山川为名;不能以疾病为名;不能以畜牲为名;不能以器币为命。否则会引起诸多隐患。
除此之外,嫡子和庶子的取名也必须有所区别,嫡子是继承家族庙宇的人,取名要郑重其事,庶子就可以随意一些。
在这一点上,晋国的先君晋穆侯却犯了个错误,他的嫡长子出生之时,恰逢晋穆侯讨伐条戎大败而归,晋人死伤惨重,他深以此战为耻,就把长子取名为“仇”,以告诫子孙不忘条戎之仇。过了几年,又碰上周宣王与姜氏戎战于千亩,晋穆侯应天子之命赶赴前线。这次战役里,周朝的南国之师虽然全军覆灭,但晋军却救回天子一命,大受褒奖,于是晋穆侯回来后一高兴,就给刚出生的小儿子取名为“成师”,寓意为胜利归师。
嫡子和庶子的名字含义蕴含着一败一胜,晋国敏感的乐官感到了一丝不祥,认为这预示着日后晋国必然生乱,而纷乱的源头,或许就是这两个襁褓中的孩子……
五十年后,晋国果然一分为二,封在曲沃,后来被称为“曲沃桓叔”的成师,和定都于翼城的晋文侯仇的子孙打得不可开交,这场大乱持续了整整六十七年,最终以小宗掀翻大宗,完成曲沃代翼而告终。
“从满岁孩童的名字判断几十年后晋国生乱,再厉害的人也没这种本领,归根结底,还是成师封在曲沃,而曲沃土地丰饶,人口众多,渐渐发展超过了翼城的缘故。世上的事都是这样,末大于本,不出争端才奇怪。”
迈步于曲沃的桓、庄之庙的屋宇下,或许是触景生情,赵无恤一边遥望这里的古朴建筑,一边与孙武谈论两百年前的那场晋国公族内战,其热闹程度,一点不亚于不久前的六卿之乱。
代表正统的翼系和想要以下克上的曲沃系为了争夺国君之位,斗争极其复杂的残忍。晋昭侯、晋孝侯、晋鄂侯、晋哀侯,还有连谥号都没有的晋小子和晋侯缗,连续六位晋君,要么被曲沃派兵擒杀,要么被暗中刺死,总之无一善终。于是翼系一天天衰落下去,而曲沃在桓叔之后,经过庄伯、武公两代励精图治,却一****强大起来,几乎占有了整个晋国。
最初时,周桓王为了削弱晋、郑,对这场内乱是持旁观态度,甚至还暗中支持曲沃。但到了后来,曲沃一系这罔顾人伦,践踏礼法的行为也引发了天子和诸侯的恐慌,于是周桓王反过来支持翼系,派虢公统领晋国周边的芮国、梁国、荀国、贾国等共同出兵攻打曲沃武公。
孙武点评道:“诸侯看似声势浩大,其实却是乌合之众,当时正值楚武王自立为王,戎狄交相入侵,周桓王却举措失当,先制造晋国内乱,又与郑庄公交恶,由此导致郑国背叛天子,曲沃也渐渐坐大。”
聊到这里,赵无恤笑了:“没错,历史总是惊人相似,当年的河东河西诸侯,恰似今日的连横阵营,想要将令他们恐惧的势力围杀,却最终失败。”
他的手抚上有几百年树龄的苍翠柏树,上面布满厚实的青苔,像一层软垫,这些一人合抱粗的大树一定有无数年轮,每一道年轮都见证着一年的历史。
“而且虢、荀、贾等国,后来均亡于曲沃之手。”
不过那时候的曲沃已经不能再叫曲沃,他们在显示自己武力,杀死最后一位正统的晋侯后,霸占了晋国全境。然后便将翼城内所有的珍宝器物拿去贿赂周僖王,周僖王见翼系灭亡,又贪图宝物,竟爽快地承认曲沃武公的合法地位,正式封他为晋国国君,是为晋武公。
“这之后一百九十年,晋献公、晋文公、晋悼公、晋平公,十六位晋君,都是曲沃的后裔。他们占据了翼城,篡夺正统,又在曲沃大兴土木,给桓、庄二君修了庄严的庙宇,四时供奉。然而晋文侯的正统子孙呢?要么被屠杀殆尽,要么沦为氓隶,散落四方,至今晋文侯的鬼魂连个栖身的庙宇都没有,不得血食。”
赵无恤感慨道:“晋武公算是给弑君作乱者开了个好头啊。武子,你知道我从中明白了什么道理么?”
孙武道:“莫非是太史墨曾说的,社稷无常奉,君臣无常位?”
“然也,不过还有另一点,那就是窃钩者诛,窃国者为诸侯;诸侯之门而正统存焉。至少晋国公室的礼法正统之名,是从翼系处剽窃来的。”
“窃钩者诛,窃国者为诸侯……”
孙武咀嚼着这句话,早在吴国的时候,他就根据六卿战局,判断赵氏必将获胜,获胜之后必然生出不臣之心。来到晋国后,恰逢铜鞮宫
变,晋愍公和太子双双身死,他听说当时就有不少人上书劝赵无恤自立为君,建立新的国家,却被赵卿拒绝了。
但当时拒绝,不代表就没这个心思,就孙武在赵氏领地之所见,赵无恤一直在对
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