第五十九章 盐政(下)
笔趣阁(biquge321.com)更新快,无弹窗!
张居正虽说难,但仍提出意见道:“以臣之见,边镇粮草,不以报中为重,百年多矣。世宗时虽暂复开中,禁止余盐,坚持不到一年,仍复旧观。”
“当此际若尽支旧引,以开中之法解决边储,必要抬高盐价,令报中之商长途转运仍有利可图,此举与皇上欲大降盐价之愿相违。臣以为不如更进一步,用窝本之法,先解决官盐壅积问题。”
朱翊钧听了点头,问道:“然边储之事如何解决?”
张居正道:“国初之时,边储以军屯粒子粮、草为主,民屯、商屯、开中次之,地方支应再次之,而京银犒赏不过锦上添花。时至今日,军屯、民屯之法大坏,商屯、开中也无力支应,边储多靠边省大户转运,民苦甚也。京银占边储之重逐年上升,或如疏庵所言,朝廷财政危矣。”
顿一顿,面现厉色道:“边镇军屯、民屯之法大坏,究其原因,无非勋官豪势侵夺占种,豪强嘱托官府将屯田擅改民田,屯管侵占,屯丁困于科索、剥削,贫乏逃亡,田地抛荒等等之弊,若复国初之政,难度虽然不小,但不比全面恢复开中阻力更大。臣请皇上下定决心,清丈土地,先从边镇始!”
见朱翊钧面现凝重之色,张居正一鼓作气补充道:“皇上,此难逢之良机也!一则盐产大增,或可化解多年积引,勋官豪势乐见;二则俺答互市有年,边境无虏患,正为大兴军屯之良机;三则皇上才行杀伐,勋贵豪强正股战栗栗,不敢作杖马之鸣!而窝本分利,可行分化之策——此正当其时也!”
朱翊钧闻言大悦,对王国光等道:“汝等见识否?此老成谋国之先生也!”王国光等那头点的如小鸡啄米一般,都跟着赞叹,张居正起身逊谢。
王国光跟着奏言道:“皇上,行窝本之策,纲商世袭有垄断之忧,且盐价不为朝廷所控——此为弊端也。另盐利巨大,不免引起纷争;既然盐场产盐之数倍增,臣以为不如以十年为限消化旧引。十年之后,另招纲商,换成新引,庶几可稳定盐税,并控盐价。”
朱翊钧听了点头,对张居正道:“疏庵总理户部,井井有条。《会计录》编纂虽未完,朕观之仍为之击节。王尚书可称‘计相’也!”
王国光身上骨头轻了二两,脸色涨红,呼吸都粗重了。觉得被皇帝一赞,爽处不下于床笫之欢也。张居正听了朱翊钧的话,心中有数。
朱翊钧又转过话头道:“然则行窝本之策,盐利多数为纲商所有,朕所不取也。吾想了一法为‘许可证’制度,说出来大家参详。”
张居正等听皇帝有新法,都竖起耳朵听着。结果朱翊钧第一句就突破他们想象力的极限:“朕想把天下盐场分散承包!”
张居正等耳边如同放了个爆竹,吓了一跳。因皇帝未讲完,耐着性子听着。
朱翊钧道:“各场盐司仍为管理衙门,但职能改变,不再管盐之生产,仅发证许可——将盐场分为小块,招商承包,可为盐商永业。无许可证产盐的,悉治重法!”
“如此以来,将无有官盐、余盐之分,盐商随意产卖,将盐税尽数纳入‘许可证’的承包费中,也断了余盐偷税之弊。”
张居正先不和皇帝算账,仅揪住一条问道:“如灶丁何?”
朱翊钧道:“现今天下灶丁,晒盐之前,种地缴纳盐课的已居其半,朝廷所获几何?若都晒盐,还有一半要分流出去,不如由承包盐商自行雇佣,无业的都发粮种耕牛,转为农户!”
张居正等听了,都被朱翊钧的脑洞给败的不知说什么好。各个嘴角抽动,说不出话来。
朱翊钧接着道:“既然‘许可证’之颁发为盐商世袭永业,其必然想尽办法,提高产量以图获利,如此一年何止十五万万斤?届时,盐价可真要便宜如土了!”
“这是盐业生产之‘许可证’,另外还有盐业销售之‘许可证’,将全国之州县、按离盐场之远近,划为不同销售区,每区选三家销售商,由属地衙门再颁销售‘许可证’,同样将售盐之税纳入许可证之中,作为地方收入,地方可自行支配。这类许可证么,就不世袭,地方可每隔几年用拍卖之法,价高者得。”
“朝廷在各地设平价仓,并设盐价最高限。设巡盐御史官,发现某地盐价波动,扰乱民生时,由平价仓出盐平抑市价。”
“如此一来,朝廷盐税不失,地方有税进账,于生民而言盐困纾解,而盐利则尽归官府,这法子怎么样?”
张居正听了,心里反复思量几遍,越发觉得皇帝的法子面面俱到,比窝本之法要高出数筹。要是皇帝平时写字写的好之类事,他往往拍个马屁。此时嘴上不说,只是在心里写个“服”字。
王国光总计天下,觉得这“许可”之法何止可用于盐业,若茶、铁等国计民生之用都用许可证之法,真是“不加赋而国用足”了!
左侍郎陈瓒问道:“皇上,若用许可证之法,朝廷不再发盐引,
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