第四百三十四章 南巡(十一)
笔趣阁(biquge321.com)更新快,无弹窗!
孔府的诗礼堂正殿五间,绿瓦朱甍,彩绘斗拱。始建于元,弘治十七年改扩建成如今规模。院中堂前有一株唐槐,根柯蟠结,枝繁叶茂;两株宋时所植银杏树,浓荫半亩。
天时已近黄昏,朱翊钧携太子到了正殿,略略观赏后,即进偏殿幕次用膳。随后更换袍服,饮茶小憩。待时辰到,衍圣公身穿公服正装,奏请皇帝御经筵。
朱翊钧携太子出门时,见适才空无一人的院子内,诸陪驾大臣并孔府秀才等均正装垂手,黑压压一片肃立,一声咳嗽都不闻。院子边角已经挂起鲸油灯,因天色尚白,并未显出明亮。
正堂台阶上方已经设好御座,朱翊钧走上去坐了。御座右下设一交椅,乃太子座位,其他大臣年老者皆赐官帽椅坐定,其他人等皆立。
王锡爵出列奏请经筵开始,皇帝御音曰可。随即衍圣公面东而立,讲大学之道。《大学》乃儒家道统真学,所谓诚意修身齐家治国平天下者,凡开讲儒家经典的,多从此处入门。
因服膺心学,孔尚贤此次讲学重点以“明明道”为主旨,从“无善无恶本体”讲起,又讲“有善有恶为意之动”,待讲到“明自常明时”,论证了“良知以立。”。
孔尚贤虽喜好读书,但天资并非出类拔萃,只凭着“孔圣人说得对、朱圣人解得妙、王圣人见得深”去说,哪里能研究到儒学的精微幽深,自以为得之而已。
等按照日常惯例讲到“为善去恶是格物,以明还明也。”时,突然心里咯噔一下,额头上也淌下汗来。
当今皇帝自幼就定义了“格物”,就是字面意思。此定义在南台会议后在经学圈子内迅速扩散,也颇有争议,与心学的“为善去恶”比较,唯物与唯心区别甚大。
王阳明所论“为善去恶”其实也不是字面意思,如果广义的理解,他定义的“善”是指事物的本来规律,“恶”是指影响人掌握本质规律的伪学,如此才能与“知行合一”有机联系起来――但这层意思非一般人能够理解,孔尚贤更加不行了。
孔尚贤平日里与同好辩经时,觉得很随意就能将格物讲说明白,但今天皇帝提出经筵要求给他准备的时间很短,他也没有时间深思如何在皇帝面前讲述与之相反观点。
若今日龙心嘉悦,那咋着胆子说说也不大要紧。但皇帝先是不祭孔墓,随后太子又险些要了命去,孔尚贤摸不清皇帝心意,哪里敢再说?
朱翊钧端坐不语,众臣与诸生见衍圣公突然尴尬卡顿,无不面面相觑。坐在官帽椅上的申时行洞若观火,起身道:“衍圣公,经筵乃以人主面与贤士大夫相接,君臣之间有聚会精神之美,至于学说论点相异,自然之事尔。若以惶恐之心待之,恐失陛下兼听之明。”
朱翊钧闻言微笑道:“正该如此,龙宇卿不必纠结。”
孔尚贤躬身表示受教,磕磕绊绊的把学讲完了,较之之前的侃侃而谈,后来讲的内容寡淡如同白水,到最后汗出如浆。偌大诗礼堂中,孔府众人尴尬的恨不能以头抢地。
朱翊钧在御座上把玩一柄羊脂玉如意,待孔尚贤讲完,他将如意一指,微笑道:“朕今日突然安排衍圣公经筵侍讲,本意是想听听《论语》的,毕竟此处乃孔府么。”此言一出,众人一阵轻笑,气氛便些微融洽起来。
孔尚贤谢罪道:“臣不肖,未能深研祖圣文章,囫囵吞枣凑数,惭愧无地矣。”
朱翊钧微笑道:“既然如此,那剩下时间,咱们君臣说说论语吧。朕先抛砖引玉:‘吾何执?执御乎?执射乎?吾执御矣。’都说说看?”
自明太祖以八股取士以来,论语中任何一句话都被各式卷子写出答案,因此在场诸人多以为皇帝出了送分题,目的还是缓解衍圣公的尴尬。
翰林学士陈于陛先发言道:“盖御者,驭车之道也,虽非至精至微之学,然亦需心手相应。圣人以此自况,非自贬其能,乃示人以学无贵贱,道在精微之理也。”众人闻言,纷纷点头称是。
又有翰林发言道:“孔子乃欲以御喻学,示人以大道之真谛也。所谓博学而不自矜其能,精进而不泥于一端,方能得学问之真谛也。”
左一言右一语,说的都是高头讲章,讲的都是微言大义。朱翊钧听了一会儿,笑问太子道:“太子有何见解?”众臣见皇帝考校太子,都住了口。
太子满脸茫然之色,站起身先是挠了挠头,随即迟疑道:“这话许是夫子在开玩笑?毕竟父皇常说,诙谐的人总是自嘲。儿臣读论语,觉得孔圣颇风趣。”
众人听太子如此答话,面面相觑。朱翊钧脸现微笑,看向众人。一众臣子伴驾日久,知道些朱翊钧的脾气,因此先不言语。孔府众人却中有不忿的,张口道:“非也,此非圣人之原意也。”
衍圣公吃了一惊,抬头看时,乃孔府旁支秀才孔胤枫。此子自幼好学,将圣人书的注解读的烂熟,早奉为真理。此时听太子有奚落圣人之意
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