第三百七十九章 税改(三)
笔趣阁(biquge321.com)更新快,无弹窗!
万历十四年的四月初一,皇帝下诏,将北疆数百万里土地纳入版图,并分省治。从大明西北方唐努乌梁海一直到北山省边境,数百万里沃土共建八省。
天山南北,唐麓岭西南,立庭州省,省治轮台,并设安西都督府;庭州东北方,唐麓岭以北,萨彦岭以南,立杭爱省,省治和林,并立安北都督府。
萨彦岭东北的广大地域,包括了整个北海,立岭北省,由汉蒙联军东路军建城名曰赤塔,作为省治——这属于完全的地图开疆,因为除了东路军,超过百万里的土地上就没有别的汉人。
但是地图开疆也是开疆,岭北省的设立,将大明北疆向北推了接近五千里,从地理和心理上都将漠北划入了内地——诸位蒙古王爷们立即觉得自己和大明都是一家人。
漠北划分两省,分别为漠北和肃慎。漠北省治库伦,中央政府在此设立驻漠北办事的大臣的行辕。肃慎省也算是地图开疆,即热河以北、北山以西、漠北以东的广大地域——北方则暂时未设边界,也未设省治。
漠南被一分为三,但新划的只有两省,因为热河早已经立省数年。新划省一为内蒙,省治归化;二为东胜,省治乌兰——此地也无城池,新任巡抚兼任驻漠南副大臣只好注在帐篷里。
天下臣民对皇帝的赫赫武功已经无感。这一届皇帝从登基开始,就开始开疆扩土,大家伙儿早已习惯。回想两百多年来,国朝只有弃土的份儿,这一任皇帝全给找补回来了——继位时两京十三省,短短十来年,地盘扩大了三倍,变成了两京三十五省。东北扩四省、北疆扩八省、缅甸扩八省、安南扩两省。
奇怪的是,汉武扩土,天下财富为之一空;盛唐扩土,也有民竭财乏之虑,但大明年年打战,百姓的日子如同却芝麻开花。《京师日报》上还偶有人拿山西大灾说事,反对皇帝穷兵黩武。但《新民日报》和《南京日报》却发表多篇社论,极力鼓吹工商兴国之论。这些社论借着皇帝下达的设省诏,反复宣扬扩土而国力不衰者,皆因变法大兴工商之故。
工商!工商!万历十四年的大明,以宗室和勋贵为主体的资本家、出卖土地转投工商业的新财主、以经销新产品发家致富的富商们终于开始从四民之末扬眉吐气起来,他们冲上了舆论阵地并叫嚣着,要求朝廷出台新的律令,一种能够保护他们的律令。
《新民日报》发表京师大学校长王世贞社论称:大变法以来,皇帝陛下多次下诏,鼓励工商。凡有以权势夺人产业或者欺行霸市的,轻者夺爵免官、重则判刑流放。
但政事堂和朝堂众臣却对皇帝的作为视而不见,致使保护财产的法令迟迟不能出台。万历十一年报纸上已经鼓吹要出台《鼓励营商章程》,三年多来却反复难产——官府保护皇帝子民的私有财产,本就是应有之意,为何衮衮诸公长时间置若罔闻?
与王世贞的理性呼吁不同,何心隐发起疯来则让人害怕。在《“士、民”之辨析》这篇文章中,他非但第一个提出了任何人的人身自由不得非法禁锢,任何合法财产都不应被非法剥夺的观点,更将矛头指向了“天下之大害。”其振聋发聩之论如下:
“士者,学以居位曰士,以才智用者谓之士,以能事其事者称士或以卿、大夫、官身者为士。《传》曰民天地之中以生;众曰氓,曰萌,注云:变民言萌,是言萌而无识也。果如是乎?”
“所谓‘四民’者,德能居位曰士,辟土植谷曰农,巧心劳手成器物曰工,通财货曰商。今论农、工、商者,民也,与士相区别,果如是乎?”
“孟子云:无恒产而有恒心者,惟士为能。若民,则无恒产,因无恒心。果如是乎?”
先发问,再找出问题中难以自圆其说的矛盾,是何心隐的拿手好戏。“今论天下有“恒产”者,宗室也、权贵也、官身者也,此均为士者乎?乃真有‘恒产’乎?旦夕获罪,破身倾家比比皆是也。”
“何以故?获罪于天,无所祷也!”
后来凡见到《南京日报》这篇文章的,无不为何心隐捏把冷汗,并同时为李卓吾乃“布衣卿相”和“皇帝喉舌”的传言嗤之以鼻——这矛头明晃晃的顶到皇帝嗓子眼上了。谁再说李卓吾跟皇上穿一条裤子,我把这报纸吃下去!
“夫山先生曰:天下者,天子下也,皆民也!四民皆待宰者也!何以故?皇帝者,法之外也;民之外也;德之外也,天之外而假兵戈者也!”
......
谷陳
“天尽世道以交,私者,人之心也,人必有私而后其心乃见。恒产者,非井田、非阡陌,非五亩之宅,百亩之田也。田宅者我自有之;天时者,天自与之;孝悌之义,吾自获教也——帝力于我何加焉?而帝力加我者,不过欲以天下奉一人者也!”
“或言君、父。父母者,精血与我;君者,何物与我?而我奉君者,财与身!”
“或言朝
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