第九章:孝文改制,迁都洛阳
笔趣阁(biquge321.com)更新快,无弹窗!
所传,便于骑射,英勇善战。汉式服饰,宽袍大袖,行动不便,若改穿汉服,恐失我鲜卑勇武之风!”
孝文帝端坐殿上,目光平静:“东阳王,此言差矣。我鲜卑族如今占据中原,不再是漠北游牧之族,当学汉俗,明礼仪,方能与汉人相融,长治久安。服饰乃礼仪之表,改穿汉服,并非舍弃勇武,而是彰显正统。”
他指着自己身上的汉式龙袍,继续道:“朕已改穿汉服,诸位爱卿当以身作则,率先垂范。若有违抗者,休怪朕无情!”
拓跋丕仍不甘心,还想争辩,却被孝文帝厉声喝止:“退下!再敢阻挠,朕定斩不饶!”
拓跋丕吓得躬身退下,不敢再言。
孝文帝又命人制作汉式服饰,分赐百官,亲自示范穿戴。在他的强制推行下,官员们只得改穿汉服,洛阳城内,鲜卑旧服日渐减少,汉式服饰成为主流。
太子拓跋恂,暗中仍穿鲜卑旧服,被孝文帝得知,大怒,召拓跋恂入宫,厉声斥责:“朕已下令禁胡服,你身为太子,竟敢违抗诏令,私自穿鲜卑旧服,是何道理?”
拓跋恂跪地求饶:“父皇,儿臣实在不习惯汉式服饰,求父皇开恩!”
孝文帝冷笑:“你若执意不改,将来如何继承皇位,统治天下?今日朕便罚你在东宫闭门思过,若再敢违抗,朕便废了你这个太子!”
拓跋恂吓得连连磕头,答应不再穿鲜卑旧服。
第四节断北语诏,革除旧俗
(本章未完,请点击下一页继续阅读)第九章:孝文改制,迁都洛阳(第2/2页)
禁胡服之后,孝文帝又将目光投向语言,颁布“断北语诏”。
太和十九年(495年),孝文帝在太极殿召集群臣,宣布:“自今以后,朝廷百官,凡在洛阳任职者,皆须说汉话,禁用鲜卑语(北语)。若有违者,免官降职;三十岁以下官员,若不通汉话,一律罢官!”
他进一步强调:“朕欲融合胡汉,一统天下,语言不通,何以交流?若官员皆说鲜卑语,汉人百姓如何信服?天下如何归心?”
这一诏令,遭到了更强烈的反对。鲜卑贵族们世代说鲜卑语,如今要改说汉话,难度极大,纷纷抱怨不已。
咸阳王拓跋禧(孝文帝弟)入宫劝谏:“陛下,鲜卑语乃我族母语,世代相传,岂能轻易废弃?三十岁以下官员尚可学汉语,三十岁以上官员,口音已定,难以更改,望陛下宽宥!”
孝文帝沉吟片刻,道:“也罢。三十岁以上官员,若一时难以改口,可暂缓,但必须努力学习;三十岁以下官员,必须严格遵守,若不通汉话,一律罢官!”
为了推行汉话,孝文帝还在宫中设立“学官”,教授官员、宗室子弟汉话,规定凡在朝廷议事、上奏,必须使用汉话,否则不予受理。
一次,大臣贺狄干(鲜卑贵族)在朝堂上上奏,不慎说了鲜卑语,孝文帝当即脸色一沉:“贺狄干,你身为朝廷大臣,竟敢违抗断北语诏,说鲜卑语,当治何罪?”
贺狄干吓得跪地求饶:“陛下,臣一时疏忽,求陛下饶命!”
孝文帝道:“念你初犯,且年过半百,今日暂且饶你。若再敢犯,定当严惩不贷!”
贺狄干连连磕头谢恩,从此再也不敢说鲜卑语。
在孝文帝的强制推行下,洛阳城内,汉话日渐普及,鲜卑语逐渐被废弃,胡汉之间的交流日益顺畅。
第五节太子作乱,帝心决绝
孝文帝推行汉化,太子拓跋恂却始终心怀不满。他自幼在平城长大,习惯了鲜卑旧俗,不喜汉式服饰、语言,更对迁都洛阳耿耿于怀。
太和二十年(496年),拓跋恂趁孝文帝外出巡视之机,与心腹密谋,欲逃回平城,起兵反叛,恢复鲜卑旧制。
他对心腹说:“洛阳湿热,汉俗繁琐,我实在难以忍受。父皇推行汉化,违背祖宗之法,我若逃回平城,召集旧部,起兵反叛,定能恢复鲜卑旧制,坐稳皇位!”
心腹们纷纷附和:“太子英明!平城乃鲜卑故地,百姓皆思念旧俗,若太子逃回平城,定能一呼百应!”
不料,此事被宫中宦官得知,连夜派人禀报孝文帝。孝文帝正在巡视途中,听闻消息,大怒,当即下令折返洛阳。
回到洛阳,孝文帝直接闯入东宫,将拓跋恂擒获,押至太极殿。
“逆子!朕对你寄予厚望,你却不思进取,妄图逃回平城,起兵反叛,恢复鲜卑旧制,背叛朕,背叛大魏!”孝文帝气得浑身发抖,指着拓跋恂,厉声喝问。
拓跋恂跪地,哭道:“父皇,儿臣实在不习惯洛阳的生活,也不喜汉俗,求父皇放儿臣回平城,儿臣再也不敢了!”
孝文帝冷笑:“你既敢背叛朕,背叛汉化大业,就休怪朕无情!今日若不严惩你,他日必有更多人效仿,汉化大业将毁于一旦!”
他召集群臣,宣布:“太子拓跋恂
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