第113章 陆羽:把茶煮进诗里的“茶圣”
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松声”,是喝到好茶时心里的那股“透亮”,这些比黄金、官帽珍贵多了。
有次一个叫李季卿的官员,路过江南,特意找陆羽煮茶。李季卿带来了黄金杯、白玉盏,说:“陆先生,我这杯子是西域进贡的,用它喝茶,味道肯定更好。”
陆羽却拿出自己的瓦罐和粗瓷碗,说:“李大人,茶的好坏,不在杯子,在水、在茶、在煮茶的火候。用黄金杯,反而会盖过茶的本味,喝着不真了。”
说着,他就用当地的山泉水煮茶,倒在粗瓷碗里,递给李季卿。李季卿半信半疑地喝了一口,一下子愣住了——这茶清香扑鼻,入口甘醇,比用黄金杯喝的茶还爽口!他忍不住说:“陆先生,我算懂了,你不羡黄金白玉,是真懂茶啊!”
(本章未完,请点击下一页继续阅读)第113章陆羽:把茶煮进诗里的“茶圣”(第2/2页)
也就是在这段时间,陆羽写下了《六羡歌》。那天他刚从余杭径山茶区回来,在客栈里整理茶记,想起这些年拒绝当官、四处找茶的日子,又想起故乡竟陵的西江水,提笔就写:
“不羡黄金罍,不羡白玉杯;
不羡朝入省,不羡暮入台;
千羡万羡西江水,曾向竟陵城下来。”
“不羡黄金罍,不羡白玉杯”——他见过官员用金器喝酒、用玉器喝茶,他觉得那些东西太“重”,不如自己的瓦罐自在,茶的本味也不会被器具抢了风头;
“不羡朝入省,不羡暮入台”——他听过颜真卿说官场的复杂,也见过官员为了争权勾心斗角,他觉得那样的日子太累,不如自己走茶区、写茶记痛快;
“千羡万羡西江水,曾向竟陵城下来”
——这是他心里最软的地方,故乡的西江水,是他最早煮茶的水,那里有他的童年,有茶最本真的样子,所以他不羡别的,就羡这能煮出好茶的江水,羡这简单、自然的生活。
这首诗很快传开了,有人说陆羽“傻”,放着荣华不享;更多懂他的人,比如皎然和尚(唐代诗人、茶僧),却说:“陆羽这首诗,写的是茶心,也是人心——能不羡荣华,只爱茶的人,才是真懂生活的人。”
《茶经》里的诗与哲思:茶是自然,是本真
陆羽这辈子,除了《六羡歌》,最有名的就是《茶经》——这本书花了他二十多年,跑遍了当时的三十多个州,从江南的顾渚茶、蜀地的蒙顶茶,到岭南的罗浮茶,他都去考察过,把茶的起源、茶树生长、煮茶器具、饮茶方法,都写得明明白白,成了世界上第一部茶书。
而《茶经》里的那些话,其实都藏着《六羡歌》的哲思——不追求奢华,尊重自然,守着茶的本真。
比如他在《茶经·五之煮》里写:“其水,用山水上,江水中,井水下。”意思是煮茶最好用山泉水,其次是江水,最差是井水。这不是他瞎编的,是他跑遍各地试出来的——山泉水清、软,不会破坏茶的味道;江水比如故乡的西江水,干净、有灵气;而井水多在城里,容易被污染,煮出来的茶会带点涩味。这就像他不羡黄金白玉一样,他觉得茶的“好”,来自自然,不是靠器具堆出来的。
再比如他写煮茶的火候:“如鱼目微有声为一沸,边缘如涌泉连珠为二沸,腾波鼓浪为三沸。已上水老,不可食也。”意思是水开分三沸,过了三沸就“老”了,不能煮茶了。
他把水开的样子写得像诗,“鱼目微有声”“涌泉连珠”,多形象!而这背后,是他对茶的“较真”——煮茶不能马虎,要懂水、懂火,就像做人不能敷衍,要守着自己的“真”。
他还在《茶经》里写采茶:“凡采茶,在二月三月四月之间……其日有雨不采,晴有云不采;晴,采之。”意思是采茶要选晴天,下雨天、阴天都不行,因为茶叶上的露水多,会影响茶的味道。
他写这个的时候,肯定想起了在径山茶区,跟着茶农凌晨采茶的样子——茶农说“晴天的茶,香得透”,他就记下来,写进书里。这就是他不羡“朝入省、暮入台”的原因——和茶农一起采茶、听他们说茶的故事,比在官场上勾心斗角,踏实多了。
有次皎然和尚问他:“你写《茶经》,到底想告诉世人什么?”
陆羽想了想,说:“我想让大家知道,茶不是奢侈品,是自然给我们的礼物。煮茶不用金器,喝茶不用讲究排场,懂它、爱它,就能喝出茶里的好。就像做人,不用追求富贵,守着本真,就活得自在。”
这话,其实就是《六羡歌》的另一种说法——不羡荣华,爱茶的本真;不追名利,守心里的自在。
茶圣的“遗产”:一杯清茶,一首短诗,一种人生
陆羽活到七十多岁,最后是在湖州的一个小茅屋里去世的。他去世前,还让弟子帮他接了西江水,煮了最后一壶茶,念了一遍《六羡歌》。据说他闭上眼睛的时候,嘴角还带着笑,手里还攥着那本
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