第101章 王之涣的失意路与千古名
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第101章王之涣的失意路与千古名(第1/2页)
公元710年的长安酒肆,暮色刚漫过朱雀大街的青石板,角落里就传来“铮”的一声脆响——十七岁的王之涣把长剑往桌案上一按,酒液震得晃了晃,他抹了把嘴角的酒渍,扯着嗓子就唱开了:
“新丰美酒斗十千,咸阳游侠多少年!”
邻桌几个文人模样的人皱着眉侧目,这少年穿着锦缎襕衫,眉眼间带着晋阳王氏的贵气,偏生动作像个江湖客,剑穗上的玉坠还沾着尘土——那是他从绛州老家骑马奔来长安时,一路风餐露宿蹭上的。
谁都知道,这孩子出身官宦世家,祖父辈在隋朝就做过官,后来迁到绛州,也是当地数得着的书香门第,可他偏不按常理出牌,四书五经背得滚瓜烂熟,却整天揣着剑往市井里钻,要么跟酒保聊长安的新鲜事,要么追着行脚僧问边塞的风光,家里人劝他“收收性子,好好准备科举”,他却拍着剑鞘笑:“大丈夫当仗剑走天涯,写些无病**的文章有啥意思?”
那会儿的王之涣,眼里的盛唐是鲜活的。他跟着商队走过黄河渡口,看纤夫们喊着号子把粮船拉过急流;也在绛州城外的猎场射过雁,箭尖擦着芦苇秆飞出去时,耳边全是风声和自己的心跳。
有人说他“放荡不羁”,可他不在乎——盛唐的文人本就该这样,既有“穷经典之奥”的才学,也有“击剑悲歌”的豪情,就像他常挂在嘴边的话:“诗里得有活气,要么是黄河的浪,要么是边塞的沙,要是写亭台楼阁,那跟画在纸上的花有啥区别?”
可豪情填不满现实的坑。转眼到了开元初年,王之涣眼看就要三十岁,同龄的世家子弟要么科举及第做了京官,要么靠着门荫补了地方差事,他还在“蹭蹬”——科举考了两次,一次卡在“策论”上,他写的边塞见闻太“野”,主考官说“失了儒者沉稳”;另一次好不容易进了复试,却因为跟监考官争论“雅乐与俗乐”,被安了个“恃才傲物”的名头,又落了榜。
家里人急得团团转,托了好多关系,才在开元九年(721年)给他谋了个“门子”的身份——靠着祖上的功绩,补任冀州衡水主簿。那天王之涣拿着任命书,站在衡水县衙的门口,看着朱红大门上的铜环,就笑不出来了。主簿是个从九品的小官,管的无非是收税、登记户籍这些琐碎事,跟他想象中“仗剑安天下”的日子差了十万八千里。
好在衡水的日子不算无聊。他白天对着账本核田亩,晚上就把自己关在书房里写诗。那时候的衡水是运河边上的重镇,南来北往的商人、文人都爱在这里歇脚,王之涣常跟他们凑在一起喝酒,喝到兴头上就掏出自个儿的诗稿念。
有一回高适路过衡水,两人在酒肆里遇上,王之涣念了首刚写的《宴词》:
“长堤春水绿悠悠,畎入漳河一道流。
莫听声声催去棹,桃溪浅处不胜舟。”
高适拍着桌子叫好:“这‘浅处不胜舟’写得妙!把离别的愁绪藏在水里,比喊着‘舍不得’强百倍!”
就这么着,王之涣的诗名慢慢传开了。有人说他的诗“得齐、梁之风”,用词雅畅,却又带着一股子烟火气;也有人说他的诗里有“侠气”,哪怕写儿女情长,也不黏黏糊糊。
他跟王昌龄、高适这些诗人成了好友,几个人聚在一起,最爱做的事就是“旗亭画壁”——找个酒楼上,把写的诗念给歌女听,谁的诗被唱得最多,谁就赢酒喝。
有一回王之涣指着最漂亮的歌女说:“她要是不唱我的诗,我这辈子就不跟你们比了!”结果那歌女一开口就是“黄河远上白云间”,把王之涣美得差点把酒杯碰倒。
可好日子没过几年,麻烦就来了。开元十四年(726年),县里来了个新县丞,看王之涣诗名盛过自己,心里就犯了嘀咕。刚好那会儿县里收税出了点差错,新县丞就抓住机会,到处散播谣言,说王之涣“利用职权勾结商人,私吞税款”。王之涣是个暴脾气,哪里忍得了这个?他拿着账本去找县丞对质,可对方早就把凭证改了,根本说不清。
那天晚上,王之涣站在衡水的运河边,看着船灯在水里晃来晃去,就觉得没意思了。他回到县衙,把印信往桌上一放,写了封辞职信,开头就八个字:“遂化游青山,灭裂黄绶”——老子不干了,要去游山玩水,把这破官服给扔了!
这一游,就是十五年。
王之涣背着个布包袱,先回了趟绛州老家,跟家里人打了个招呼,就骑着马往西边去了。他走的是黄河古道,从龙门石窟到鹳雀楼,一路走一路看。
站在鹳雀楼上时,正是傍晚,夕阳把黄河染成了金红色,远处的群山像卧着的巨龙,他就来了灵感,掏出笔在墙上写:
“白日依山尽,黄河入海流。
欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。”
写罢把笔一扔,对着黄河大喊一声,惊得水
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