第99章 王建:从白发小吏到“王司马”

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    第99章王建:从白发小吏到“王司马”(第1/2页)
    46岁的王建,站在昭应县(今陕西临潼)县衙门口,手里拿着任命文书,风一吹,头发白得晃眼。跟他一起考中进士的人,早有人当上了州官,出门前呼后拥;他倒好,熬到快五十,才混上一个“县丞”——从八品的小官,连县令的副手都算不上,管的全是鸡毛蒜皮的破事:收赋税、断邻里纠纷、替县令写报告。
    有人跟他打趣:“王兄,您这‘吏’当得,头发都等白了。”王建笑了笑,没说话。他心里清楚,对一个寒门出身、又在边塞蹉跎十三年的人来说,能有个官做,已经算老天开眼了。他没想到,这一当小官,就当了十几年。
    白发初为吏:昭应县丞的日子,琐碎里藏着心酸
    昭应县离长安近,算是个“京畿小县”,事儿却不少。王建每天天不亮就得起床,先去县衙点卯,然后跟着差役去乡下收赋税。长安周边的土地,看着肥沃,可农民的日子比边塞还苦——官府的税一层叠一层,夏天收麦税,秋天收粮税,冬天还要收“炭税”,有的农民交不起,只能卖儿卖女。
    有一次,王建去城郊的张村收税,看到一个老太太跪在地上,抱着差役的腿哭:“官爷,再宽限几天吧,我家老头子刚死,家里连买棺材的钱都没有,实在交不出税啊!”差役不耐烦,抬脚就要踹,王建赶紧拦住。他蹲下来,看着老太太破洞里露出来的棉絮,心里堵得慌——这场景,跟他小时候家里穷得揭不开锅的样子,太像了。
    那天,王建掏腰包,替老太太交了税。回去的路上,差役跟他说:“王丞,您这样不行啊,下次人人都跟您哭穷,税还怎么收?”王建没反驳,夜里在灯下写了首《田家行》:
    “男声欣欣女颜悦,人家不怨言语别。
    五月虽热麦风清,檐头索索缲车鸣。
    野蚕作茧人不取,叶间扑扑秋蛾生。
    麦收上场绢在轴,的知输得官家足。
    不望入口复上身,且免向城卖黄犊。”
    诗里写的“欣欣悦悦”,全是装的——农民们表面笑着割麦、缫丝,其实心里慌得很,盼着能交够税,别把家里的牛卖了。王建比谁都清楚,那“檐头索索”的缫丝声,不是欢乐,是无奈。他这个县丞,管不了朝廷的税,只能把看到的苦,写进诗里。
    除了收税,他还得管“家长里短”。有两家邻居,因为一尺宅基地吵了三天,还动了手,闹到县衙。王建去调解,左边说“这地是我家的”,右边说“明明是我家的”,吵得他头都疼。最后他没办法,自己出钱,在两家中间修了道矮墙,才算把事了了。有人说他“傻”,不该自己掏钱,王建却说:“都是苦日子人,争来争去,还不是为了一口饭?”
    昭应县丞当了三年,王建又被调到长安,做太府寺丞——管国库仓库的小官。每天的活儿就是清点粮食、布匹,记在账本上,枯燥得能让人睡着。仓库里堆着满满的粮食,有的都发霉了,他想起乡下农民饿肚子的样子,心里不是滋味。
    有次白居易来太府寺办事,看到他对着账本发呆,问他怎么了。王建指着账本说:“这里的一粒米,都是农民弯腰种出来的,就这么放坏了,可惜啊。”白居易听完,拍了拍他的肩膀:“也就你,当了小官还操这心。”
    沉沦下僚:换了六个小官,没熬出头,却熬出了好诗
    接下来的十几年,王建像个“救火队员”,在各个小官职位上转来转去:从太府寺丞调到秘书郎,每天抄文书抄到手软;再调到殿中侍御史,管监察,却没实权,看到贪官污吏也管不了;又调到太常寺丞,管祭祀礼仪,天天对着祭品念祝文,念得口干舌燥。
    这些官,全是“下僚”——没权力,没油水,还特别累。有一年冬天,他当殿中侍御史,要去长安周边的县巡查。天寒地冻,路不好走,他骑着一头瘦马,走了半个月,冻得手脚生疮。
    到了县里,县官知道他没实权,连像样的饭都不给他准备,只端来一碗稀粥,上面飘着几片菜叶。王建没抱怨,喝完粥,照样认真巡查,把看到的问题记下来,可报告递上去,石沉大海。
    那段日子,他常常在夜里失眠。看着窗外的月亮,想起边塞的日子,想起昭应县的农民,觉得像个“废人”——当了官,却帮不了任何人。
    他没放弃写诗,不管多累,每天都要写几句。他的诗,越来越“接地气”,全是老百姓的苦:纤夫的苦、织妇的苦、士兵的苦,他都写。
    他写《水夫谣》,是因为有次出差,在河边看到纤夫拉船。那是夏天,太阳毒得很,纤夫们光着膀子,皮肤晒得黝黑,背上勒着粗绳子,深深嵌进肉里,每走一步,都要喊一声号子,声音嘶哑。
    船逆流而上,纤夫们走得慢,船主还拿着鞭子抽他们。王建站在岸边,看了很久,眼泪都快掉下来了。晚上在客栈,他就着油灯,写下:
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