第六十八章 白居易写“离离原上草”的诗仙,

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他每天都跟着母亲学字、背书——早上在泥地上写字,中午帮母亲做家务时背诗,晚上就着油灯(其实是松脂,没钱买灯油),听母亲讲书里的故事。
    渐渐地,白居易能背好多诗了,还能写几句小诗。有一次,邻居家的老奶奶丢了鸡,坐在门口哭,白居易就写了首小诗:
    “老姥丢鸡泪汪汪,风吹草动心发慌。
    愿得鸡儿早回家,夜里能睡安稳觉。”
    母亲看到这首诗,又惊又喜,抱着他说:“我儿有天赋,将来一定能成为大诗人!”
    白居易那时候不懂“诗人”是什么,他只知道,写诗能把看到的事记下来,能让别人知道老百姓的苦——就像邻居老奶奶丢鸡的难过,就像他们一家人逃荒的辛苦。这种“为老百姓写诗”的念头,从那时候起,就悄悄在他心里发了芽。
    青梅竹马湘灵:农家姑娘的故事,成了他最早的灵感
    在符离,白居易还有个好朋友,是邻居家的姑娘,叫湘灵。湘灵比白居易大两岁,是个典型的农家姑娘:皮肤黑黑的,手很巧,会喂猪、会插秧,还会唱家乡的民歌。
    那时候,白居易一写完字,就跑去跟湘灵玩。湘灵会带他去田埂上挖野菜,教他认哪种野菜能吃;会带他去河边摸小鱼,说“小鱼烤着吃,可香了”;还会唱民歌给他听,歌声清亮,像田里的青蛙叫,像天上的小鸟唱。
    白居易最喜欢听湘灵讲家里的事。湘灵说,她爹是个农民,每天天不亮就去种地,天黑了才回来,手上全是老茧;她娘每天要喂猪、做饭、织布,晚上还要缝补衣服,常常熬到半夜;她还有个弟弟,才三岁,因为家里穷,没奶吃,只能喝稀粥。
    有一次,湘灵拉着白居易去看她爹种地。太阳特别大,湘灵的爹光着膀子,在田里插秧,汗珠子像豆子一样往下掉,衣服搭在田埂上,全湿透了。湘灵说:“我爹说,要是今年收成好,就能给我弟弟买件新衣服;要是收成不好,就得饿肚子。”白居易看着湘灵爹的背影,又想起逃荒时看到的那些农民,心里酸酸的,就写了首小诗:
    “烈日晒田埂,农夫插秧忙。
    汗滴入泥土,只为谷满仓。”
    湘灵看不懂字,白居易就念给她听。湘灵听完,笑着说:“你写得真好,就像我爹每天的样子。”白居易心里特别高兴——他发现,写老百姓的事,能让别人知道他们的辛苦,这比写什么风花雪月有意思多了。
    (本章未完,请点击下一页继续阅读)第六十八章白居易写“离离原上草”的诗仙,(第2/2页)
    还有一次,湘灵的弟弟病了,发着高烧,家里没钱请大夫,湘灵的娘只能用偏方,给弟弟敷草药,急得直哭。白居易知道了,就跑回家,把母亲给他攒的买纸笔的钱(其实是父亲偶尔给的零花钱)拿出来,送给湘灵家,请大夫。湘灵的娘握着白居易的手,说:“你真是个好孩子,将来一定有出息。”
    湘灵和她家人的生活,成了白居易最早的创作灵感。他写过湘灵喂猪的样子:
    “湘灵喂猪食,猪儿哼唧唧。
    一勺又一勺,盼它长得肥。”
    写过湘灵爹种地的辛苦:
    “农夫日当午,汗湿田中土。
    谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦。”(后来这句被他写进了《悯农》的草稿里)
    这些小诗,没有华丽的词藻,全是家常话,全是老百姓的真实生活。可正是这些小诗,让白居易明白:诗歌不是写给当官的看的,不是写给文人雅士看的,是写给老百姓看的,是用来记录他们的苦、他们的乐、他们的生活的。
    后来,白居易离开符离去长安赶考,临走前,湘灵送了他一双自己做的布鞋,说:“你路上穿,别冻着脚。到了长安,要记得写老百姓的事,就像你以前写的那样。”白居易接过布鞋,点了点头,说:“我会的,我一定不会忘。”
    这双布鞋,白居易穿了很多年;湘灵和她家人的故事,他记了一辈子。后来他写《长恨歌》《琵琶行》,里面有很多底层人物的影子,其实都离不开少年时在符离,湘灵带给她的那些关于“百姓生活”的记忆。
    《赋得古原草送别》:野草里的韧劲,震动长安文坛
    在符离的日子,白居易一边跟着母亲苦读,一边写老百姓的小诗,诗才慢慢被人知道。到了16岁那年,父亲觉得他该去长安见见世面,考考功名,就凑了点钱,让他去长安。
    临走前,白居易去了城外的古原。古原上长满了野草,风一吹,野草晃来晃去,特别有劲儿。他想起逃荒时看到的野草,想起符离田埂上的野草,想起母亲说的“野草冬天蔫了,春天还会再长”,心里有了灵感,就写了首诗,叫《赋得古原草送别》。
    诗是这么写的:
    “离离原上草,一岁一枯荣。
    野火烧不尽,春风吹又生。
    远芳侵古道,晴翠接荒城。
    又送
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