第三十八章 镜湖春波:贺知章一生的乡愁脉络
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第三十八章镜湖春波:贺知章一生的乡愁脉络(第1/2页)
唐仪凤二年(公元677年)盛夏,越州会稽(今浙江绍兴)镜湖的荷叶铺满湖面,18岁的贺知章坐在自家乌篷船的船头,手刚触到一朵嫩粉的荷花,就被祖父敲了敲手背:“季真,莫折!这荷花要留着结莲子,冬日给你母亲熬粥。”
他缩回手,看着祖父把船桨轻轻划入水中,涟漪一圈圈荡开,沾在桨叶上的水珠落在湖面,惊起两只蜻蜓飞动。远处的芦苇荡里传来乡邻的吴越腔,“阿爷,今日的莲菜嫩不嫩?”“给贺家小郎留两把!”贺知章趴在船边,听着熟悉的乡音,鼻尖萦绕着荷叶的清香——这是他记忆里故乡最初的模样,像一枚浸了湖水的莲子,藏在心底,往后五十年,都没褪去过那股清甜。
那时的贺家,还在会稽城外的祖宅里。青石板铺的院子,墙角种着祖父亲手栽的柳树,每到春天,柳丝垂到窗台上,贺知章总爱趴在窗沿上,看母亲坐在柳下织布,听父亲念《论语》:
“父母在,不远游,游必有方。”
他那时不懂“远游”是什么,觉得会稽的天永远是蓝的,镜湖的水永远是绿的,家人永远在身边,日子就像船桨划开的波,平稳又悠长。
变故是从调露元年(公元680年)开始的。祖父病重,临终前拉着贺知章的手,断断续续说:“季真,你是贺家的长房孙,要好好读书,将来去长安考功名……把家迁去萧山吧,离镜湖近,你母亲也能常去看看。”
那年冬天,贺知章扶着母亲,捧着祖父的灵位,从会稽祖宅搬到了萧山永兴(今浙江萧山)。新宅的院子比祖宅小,却依旧能看见镜湖——站在门口的石阶上,往东南方向望,就能看见一片波光。母亲常站在石阶上发呆,有时会摸着贺知章的头说:“你阿爷在时,总说镜湖的水养人,你将来不管走多远,都要记得这水的味道。”
贺知章把母亲的话记在心里。他在萧山的书斋里苦读,窗台上总摆着一块从镜湖捡来的鹅卵石,石面上有天然的纹路,像极了湖面上的波。夜里读书累了,他就摩挲着鹅卵石,想起白天在湖边看见的渔民,想起母亲熬的莲子粥,想起祖父划桨的模样。那时他已懂了“远游”的意思,却没料到,这“游”的日子,会从36岁开始,一走就是五十年。
唐垂拱元年(公元685年),36岁的贺知章背着包袱,站在萧山的渡口,准备赴长安参加科举。前一年,父亲病逝,家里的担子全压在他身上,母亲红着眼眶给他收拾行李,把一块织好的吴越锦塞进他怀里:“这布贴身,冬天暖。要是想娘了,就看看它,像娘在你身边一样。”
船要开时,母亲还在喊:“季真,考不上也没关系,早点回家!镜湖的荷花,年年都开!”贺知章站在船头,看着母亲的身影越来越小,直到变成一个黑点,才敢抹掉眼泪。
他摸出怀里的吴越锦,锦面上绣着镜湖的荷花,针脚细密,是母亲熬了好几个夜织的。船行过镜湖,他趴在船边,看着熟悉的荷叶从眼前掠过,心里想起父亲念过的“父母在,不远游”——如今父亲不在了,母亲独守在家,他这一去,不知何时才能回来。
这一去,就是近五十年。贺知章在长安考中状元,成了浙江历史上首位有记载的状元郎,后来官至礼部侍郎、秘书监,人称“贺秘监”。
他的朝服换了一件又一件,从青涩的绿袍到华贵的绯袍,腰间的配饰从铜鱼袋换成金鱼袋,再到玄宗赐的金龟,他的行囊里,始终带着那块镜湖的鹅卵石,还有母亲织的吴越锦。
在长安的日子,乡愁是藏在细节里的。秘阁里整理典籍时,看到《越绝书》里记载镜湖的段落,他会停下笔,想起年少时在湖边采莲的场景;同僚请吃长安的江南菜,尝一口“鲈鱼脍”,总觉得不如故乡镜湖里的鱼鲜;甚至和李白、张旭喝酒时,听到李白说“蜀道之难,难于上青天”,他会忍不住接话:“越州的镜湖,才是真的美,春天的柳丝能垂到水里,夏天的荷花能盖满湖。”
有次李白问他:“贺监,您总说镜湖好,到底好在哪里?”贺知章笑着斟了杯酒,眼里满是温柔:
“好在它不管你走多远,走多久,等你回去时,它还在。春天有柳,夏天有荷,秋天有菱角,冬天有残雪,从来没变过。”
那天他喝多了,借着酒劲写了首《采莲曲》,
“稽山罢雾郁嵯峨,镜水无风也自波。莫言春度芳菲尽,别有中流采芰荷”
——诗里写的,全是他记忆里的镜湖,连风的味道,都和长安不一样。
他也常给母亲写信,越到后来,信里的话越不敢写满。母亲年纪大了,眼睛看不清,信要托乡邻读给她听,他怕写太多思念,让母亲牵挂。每次写信,他都会提到镜湖:“娘,长安的柳也发芽了,不如家里的柳软;长安的水也清,不如镜湖的水甜。等儿子告老了,就回去陪
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