第127章 韦庄:在乱世里颠沛的少年
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第127章韦庄:在乱世里颠沛的少年(第1/2页)
公元859年的冬天,长安城南的一条小巷里,寒风跟刀子似的往破屋子里钻。墙角的油灯忽明忽暗,照着一个冻得缩成一团的少年——他就是韦庄,才十岁出头,手里攥着一本翻得卷边的《韦苏州集》,手指冻得发紫,却还在跟着油灯的光,一个字一个字地念:
“春潮带雨晚来急,野渡无人舟自横。”
这书里的诗,是他太爷爷韦应物写的。想当年,韦应物是苏州刺史,出门有车马,回家有仆人,写诗喝酒,何等风光;到了韦庄这辈,家道中落得连锅底都快朝天了——父亲早死,母亲带着他和妹妹,靠缝补浆洗勉强糊口,哪还有半点“名门望族”的样子?
韦庄不管这些,他就认一个理:太爷爷能写出这么好的诗,我也能;太爷爷能当大官,我也能考。就是这份“认死理”,让他从长安的破屋子,走到了江南的烟雨中,把少年的苦、漂泊的难,全熬成了诗里的字。
破屋子里的韦家郎:饿着肚子也要读书的“倔小子”
韦庄的少年时光,就两个关键词:“穷”和“拼”。
先说“穷”。有多穷?冬天没有炭火,他就把妹妹的旧棉袄裹在身上,还是冻得直跺脚;家里买不起米,母亲就煮点稀粥,他总是让妹妹多喝一碗,自己啃着硬邦邦的窝头,就着咸菜读书。有一回,邻居大妈看见他冻得手都握不住笔,心疼地说:“庄儿啊,别读了,跟我去卖菜吧,好歹能混口饱饭!”
韦庄却摇摇头,把冻僵的手放在嘴边哈口气,接着写:“大妈,我太爷爷是韦应物,我不能给祖宗丢脸。”
这话听着有点“轴”,可他是真的拼。没钱买灯油,他就等到月亮出来,借着月光读书;买不起新书,他就去书铺里“蹭读”——站在人家铺子门口,从开门读到关门,掌柜的赶他,他就换一家,有时候一站就是一整天,腿都麻了。
有一年夏天,长安下大雨,破屋子漏得跟筛子似的,韦庄把书揣在怀里,躲在床底下,借着从门缝里透进来的光接着读。母亲看着他,眼泪都掉下来了:“儿啊,要不咱不考了,娘再找份活计,总能养活你。”
韦庄爬出来,抹了把脸上的雨水,笑着说:“娘,没事,等我考上了,咱就住大房子,再也不用漏雨了。”
现实比他想的残酷多了。他第一次去考科举,才二十岁,背着母亲缝的旧行囊,揣着几个干馒头,走进了长安的考场。他觉得自己准备得够充分了,下笔如有神,可放榜那天,他从榜头看到榜尾,看了三遍,都没找到“韦庄”两个字。
那天的长安,阳光特别毒,他站在榜前,汗流浃背,却觉得浑身发冷。旁边有人中了举,欢呼雀跃,还有人没中,蹲在地上哭。韦庄没哭,也没说话,只是默默地走回小巷,路上买了个烧饼,啃着啃着,眼泪就掉下来了——不是因为没考上,是觉得对不起母亲的期待。
他没认输。回到家,他把旧行囊一放,对母亲说:“娘,明年我再考。”
就这么着,他考了一次又一次,从二十岁考到三十岁,长安的考场去了七八回,却次次落榜。有人嘲笑他:“韦家都败落了,还想当大官?做梦吧!”他听了,不恼也不辩,只是把更多的时间泡在书里——别人读诗是为了消遣,他读诗是为了活命,为了给母亲和妹妹一个像样的家。
长安城里的血与火:《秦妇吟》里藏不住的痛
公元880年,韦庄三十五岁,这一年,他没去考科举——不是不想考,是长安都快没了。
这年冬天,黄巢带着起义军打进了长安。城破那天,韦庄正在家里读书,听见外面喊杀声震天,接着就是火光冲天。他赶紧拉着母亲和妹妹,跟着逃难的人群往城外跑。
路上的景象,他一辈子都忘不了:以前繁华的天街(长安的主干道),现在到处是尸体,有当官的,有老百姓,还有小孩;皇宫里的内库(皇帝的宝库)被烧得噼啪响,锦绣绸缎烧成了灰,飘在空中,跟黑色的雪似的;有个老婆婆抱着死去的孙子,坐在路边哭,哭声比寒风还刺耳。
韦庄带着家人,一路躲躲藏藏,有时候躲在破庙里,有时候藏在庄稼地里,好几次差点被起义军抓住。有一回,他们在一个村子里落脚,遇见一个从长安逃出来的妇人,大家都叫她“秦妇”。秦妇跟他们讲起长安城里的惨状:“起义军进城那天,我家男人被砍死了,孩子被抢走了,我躲在井里,才捡回一条命……”
韦庄听着,心里像被刀扎一样。他见过繁华的长安,也见过落魄的长安,可从来没见过这么惨的长安——以前他写诗,写的是“春风得意”,写的是“乡愁”,可那天,他觉得那些诗都太轻了,轻得扛不住眼前的苦难。
后来,他带着家人逃到了洛阳,住在一个破客栈里。晚上,家人都睡了,他坐在油灯下,想起秦妇说的话,想起长安
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