第一百二十回 古代追星族
笔趣阁(biquge321.com)更新快,无弹窗!
过他,即便是读书之人,如果不是专门学习书数者,也是赶不上他的。到了康成公十二三岁,他就能诵读和讲述《诗》、《书》、《易》、《礼记》、《春秋》这儒家“五经”了。同时,他还喜欢钻研天文学,并掌握了“占候”、“风角”、“隐术”等一些以气象、风向的变化而推测吉凶的方术。至16岁的时候,这康成公就不但精通儒家经典,详熟古代典制,而且通晓谶纬方术之学,又能写得一手好文章,在当地声名远播,被大家称为神童。后得当世名士杜密的资助,从师第五元先(第五是复姓),先后学了《京氏易》、《公羊春秋》、《三统历》、《九章算术》等,俱达到了通晓的程度,后又从师东郡张恭祖学习了《周官》、《礼记》、《左氏春秋》、《韩诗》、《古文尚书》等书,身兼今古两家经义之长,已经算是一代宗师了,可他还不以此为满足,又从师陈球受业,学习了《律令》。而在最后关东境内再无人可指教于他的时候,他又毅然离开故居,千里迢迢,西入关中,拜扶风马融,马大家为师,以求进一步的深造。当康成公在马大家门下习艺七载,因母亲年事已高,需要归养的时候,马大家深有感慨地对弟子们说:“郑生今去,吾道东矣!”此时可以说,就算是连马大家自己都自认不如康成公了。而之后,这康成公本应受朝廷征用,入朝为官,可惜这康成公,又受党锢之灾,遭到禁锢。可就算是如此,这康成公还在禁锢期间,遍注群经,一统当今的今古经义之学。这经义之说,讲究的就是“师法”和“家法”。严守经师之说毫不走样,叫做师法;而同一经师的不同学生又各自为家,故师法之下又讲家法,在遵从师法的前提下才能成一家之言。所以,师法是追溯渊源的,家法是对师说的引伸与发展。可如此一来“疏不破注”,叠床架屋之下,致使一经就有数家,一家又有若干说,各讲各的一套,谬误百出,使后进学者不知所从。繁琐、支离、教条,成了经学的突出弊病。而在此之下,今古经义之争,就是最为的强烈。自那先秦始皇,焚书之后,有一些年老儒生凭记忆背诵出来一些经文,用当时通行的文字(隶书,即今文)记录并整理出来,被称做“今文经”。而在本朝成、哀之世,刘向、刘歆父子校理秘书,又发现了一部用古籀文字书写的《春秋左氏传》,再加上由孔壁所得的《逸礼》、《古文尚书》,和当时尚未立于学官的《毛诗》,如此便成了古文经的主要经典。研习今文经的,叫今文学派,而修读古文经的,就叫古文学派。由于两家不仅经文有所不同,就是其经义注解、观点等等,也是相差甚大,所以两家势成水火,相攻如仇。而当康成公的经义注解出现以后,原来各守门户的今文经学与古文经学,便逐渐不再为人们所信了。这康成公不仅集古文经学之大成,而且使古文今文融为一炉,独创了一个新的学派——郑学。世人转而崇尚郑学,使之逐渐成为“天下所宗”的儒学。想当初,康成公所注的古文经学费氏《易》流行,则今文经的施、孟、梁邱三家《易》便废止了;康成公注释的《古文尚书》流传,则今文经的欧阳、大小夏侯三家《尚书》便散失了;后来康成公笺注了古文经的《毛诗》,则今文经的齐、鲁、韩三家的《诗》也就不显了。就来当世今文经学大师何体,他用17年的时间写成了《公羊春秋解诂》一书。从他的《公羊墨守》、《左氏膏盲》、《谷梁废疾》三文中可见,他认为《春秋》三传中只有《公羊》义理深远,象墨子的城防一样无懈可击。而《左氏》与《谷梁》二传则存在严重的缺点,根本不值得研究。而康成公乃针对他的观点,著《发墨守》、《针膏肓》、《起废疾》以驳斥之。他认为三传各有其优缺点,《公羊》并非十全十美。那何体读了康成公的文章后,也只得叹服的说道:“康成入吾室,操吾矛,以伐我乎!”由此可见康成公对何体的批驳是多么的有力,致使所有的经师和学者们皆是十分的惊服。而从此京师之人,称何体为“学海”,而称康成公为“经神”。皆不敢直呼其名。而自己在来冀州之前,由于取消了党锢,那大将军何进,就首先想到的是征辟康成公入朝为官,以壮其声威。而那康成公所在的州郡官吏皆奉大将军意胁迫康成公起行,那康成公不得已,只好入朝去见大将军何进。而大将军何进也对康成公礼敬有加,设几、杖之礼以待之。可康成公为保其名士节操,羞与外戚闭寺为伍,拒不穿朝眼,只穿普通儒者的便服与大将军何进相见。仅隔了一夜,未等授予官职就逃走了,自己希得一见。可眼下自己竟能看到康成公的新书《三礼注》,真是福气呀。
刘虞遥想康成公的身影,双手颤抖的翻开《三礼注》,仔细地观看书里的内容,真是字字珠玑,句句精辟。妙不可言,可就在刘虞要沉入经学的海洋当中之时,刘明在旁边发话了:“伯安兄,小弟的这个物事可好?伯安兄可愿分享之?”
刘虞这才惊醒过来,连声说道:“好,好,好
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