第52章 福建海商郑芝龙
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第52章福建海商郑芝龙(第1/2页)
毕自严深吸一口气,整理思绪,条分缕析奏来:
“回禀陛下,臣以为,当务之急,首在‘开源’与‘清流’。需选几处关节,力求短期内见成效,方不至九边有变。”
江南诸府积欠已久,应选能臣南下,清积欠、收浮财。
“请陛下明发旨意,命臣以户部牵头,都察院、锦衣卫协同,清厘苏、松、常、镇四府历年积欠,尤以官绅大户‘投献’田亩所逃巨额正赋为要点。”
“此四府富甲天下,豪强盘踞,积欠最巨,民怨亦深。若能以此四府为突破,严追三成欠额。
按臣预估,短期内可望收回白银八十万两以上,粮食三十万石!”
“对查实积欠巨大、抗拒追比且有劣迹者,可‘押解京师’甚或‘抄封财产’等雷霆手段,方能震慑其余省份,再以此追缴全国,可事半功倍!”
“此八十万两中,臣请截留四十万两白银,及查封所得铜料器物,尽数交付徐大人作铸炮之用,提振军心。”
朱由校听着毕自严的建议,微微颔首,示意毕自严续陈:
毕自严收到皇帝的认同,精神一振,紧接着抛出第二策,
“其次整饬盐场,堵漏开源;盐政之弊,私盐横行,几夺官盐半壁,国课流失殆半!”
“臣请陛下速降严旨:命两淮、两浙、长芦三大盐运司即日起,严查灶户逃亡、穷究官商勾结走私!
其中顽疾,尤在‘福王长芦引’泛滥成灾!虽不宜直指藩王,但可严令盐运司彻查持此引商人实际运盐数量、路线、完税实数!凡超引、绕关、逃税者,盐船货物一律没收充公!课税加倍追缴!人犯严惩不贷!”
他稍作停顿,道出更深层改革:“‘积年旧引’阻滞新引,实乃盐法痼疾!
臣请旨:限半年内清理十年以上旧引,逾期作废!并准新引商人以旧引折价五成贴换新引,以此盘活引额,畅通官盐产销!”
另外“漕粮漂没半成已成常态,实属荒谬,可令漕运总督衙门及沿途各巡抚、巡按,对今年通州实收不足十四万石之湖广漕粮(原运三十万石),彻查各环节!
自起运仓大使、沿途各闸官、漕丁帮伙,至验收官员,凡查出克扣盘剥、谎报损耗者,除追回赃物外,家产罚没充公,其人重惩不贷,以儆效尤。”
“陛下,或可采用海运,以海运代替漕运,减轻漕运压力”毕自严话音刚落,徐光启便敏锐地捕捉到了推行新策的契机。
“臣斗胆再陈一事!方才毕大人剖析漕运之弊,一针见血。臣以为,欲通血脉,海运实为当务之急、切实可行之第一步!其利有三,有史实为证,绝非空谈!”
朱由校目光炯炯:“徐卿详述之!”
徐光启精神一振,以指轻叩案几,清晰条陈:
“其一,运力宏大而靡费剧减!陛下,漕运岁调四百万石,仅法定耗米达二十七万石、轻赍银十四万两,而沿途盘剥、过闸、盘坝等层层加耗,实际靡费远超此数!”
“反观海运,海船无需纤夫陆挽,不惧河道浅阻,不耗时日过闸!
臣查万历六年福建巡抚涂泽民曾遣海船自月港运粮二万石北上天津,耗费仅为同期等量漕运的三成五!其省费之巨,何止数十万两?”
他稍作停顿,看向毕自严。毕自严微微颔首,显是知晓此例。
(本章未完,请点击下一页继续阅读)第52章福建海商郑芝龙(第2/2页)
“其二,行程短而风波稳!陛下可知,自苏杭至北京,大运河蜿蜒二千余里,河道弯曲,水情不定。
若遇浅滩阻滞或洪水泛滥,动辄延误一两月,更有各处钞关、闸坝留难,官吏需索,苦不堪言。”
“而海路,借信风之力,自吴淞口放洋至天津大沽口,直线距离仅一千八百余里,风帆顺遂,顺风五日可抵。
如涂泽民当年所运,自月港至天津卫,实际航程不过五日。较之漕运,省时十数倍。漕丁困苦亦可稍解,粮米在途时日越短,霉变鼠耗必然大减!”
徐光启说到此,眼中充满对海洋规律的笃信。
“其三,船坚而利可控!或有言海上风涛险恶。然陛下,大海之凶险多起于无知与轻忽!
闽粤海商如郑芝龙,拥大小海船数百,麾下健儿皆百战余生,于季风、洋流、潮汐变化烂熟于心,其舰常年航行于波涛之间,船上不仅置有量天尺(测纬度)、水罗盘,更配有泰西新式六分仪定位,熟谙秘密海图航路。”
“其福船、鸟船之坚,船体用南洋铁力木双层龙骨榫接,水密隔舱林立,更兼配有佛郎机炮、火铳护卫,远非寻常商船可比。
只要择风平浪静之季航行,组织得力,其武装船队本身即为海上强兵。若能善加招抚运用,辅以登莱水师协同巡护航线,其安全远胜于河道。”
徐
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