第381章 彻底放开海禁?
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第381章彻底放开海禁?(第1/2页)
朱由校的目光越过一众勋贵,落在了文官队列中的户部尚书毕自严身上,语气平和却带着不容置疑的分量:
“毕爱卿,你是户部尚书,执掌天下钱粮户籍,就由你来说说我大明的海禁政策吧!”
海禁政策?陛下想干什么?还来?刚刚经历了“合股远征”的冲击,现在又提起这个敏感话题,许多文官心里咯噔一下,隐隐感到不安。
毕自严心头一凛,但也不敢怠慢,出列躬身,清晰陈述道:
“回陛下,我朝海疆政策,自太祖皇帝立国以来,为防范沿海残元势力与张士诚、方国珍旧部勾结,滋扰地方,兼有倭寇不时侵扰,故而定制‘片板不许下海’,严格实行海禁政策,除官方朝贡体系外,严禁民间私通海外。”
他顿了顿,继续道:“此策沿袭百余年,然民间趋利,私贩不绝。至嘉靖年间,因海禁极严,沿海商民无以谋生,遂铤而走险,巨寇如王直、徐海等勾连倭夷,酿成嘉靖大倭乱,荼毒东南数省,军民死伤惨重,朝廷耗费军饷数百万两,历时十余年才堪堪平定。。
故此,至隆庆先帝时,为弥补国库空虚,缓解沿海矛盾,遂开海禁,指定福建漳州月港为唯一民间贸易口岸,允许民间商船申领‘引票’出海,仅通东西二洋,不往倭国每船按货值征税,此举每年可为朝廷增收数万两白银,走私之风也大为收敛。”
朱由校静静听完,手指轻轻敲击着御座扶手,发出笃笃的轻响,他目光扫过群臣,问出了一个尖锐的问题:
“所以,依毕爱卿所言,实行海禁,初衷是为了防范海盗、倭寇,保境安民,对吗?”
“是,陛下!”
“那朕想问,这海盗、倭寇,防住了吗?为何嘉靖年间,反而愈演愈烈,直至酿成席卷东南的大患?”
殿内顿时一片寂静。防住了吗?那肯定是没防住啊!要是防住了哪来的嘉靖朝十余年的倭乱,又哪来如今的海寇占据大员。
众臣不语,只是一味的沉默。
这沉默背后,是难以言说的复杂现实,许多大臣心里都清楚,海禁政策能延续两百多年,究其原因远比单纯的防范倭寇要复杂的多。
一方面,大明的士绅大族,其本质属于“地主与官僚”。而农业作为大明立国之本,自然也是他们财富和权力的根基。
一旦彻底开海,巨大的贸易利润必然会刺激民间“弃农从商”,大量农民、劳动力脱离土地投身海外贸易,导致土地抛荒、地租下降,这直接损害了整个士绅地主阶层的经济命脉。
而更深一层看,农业经济的核心是“稳定”,是将农民捆绑在土地上,便于管理和征收赋税;而商业贸易的核心则是“流动”。
士绅们从心底认为,民众一旦脱离土地四处经商,会变得“难以管控”,既不利于推行礼教教化,也可能滋生流民、海盗等不稳定因素,动摇他们的统治基础。
更何况,东南沿海那利润惊人的走私贸易背后,站着的何尝没有他们自己,或者他们所属派系、乡党的影子?
许多士绅家族本身就是大海商的幕后东主,官商勾结,垄断贸易。而海禁政策在事实上极大地减少了竞争对手,而且走私还不用给朝廷交税!
但一旦开海,朝廷必定设立官署征税,习惯了将巨额利润尽数纳入私囊,谁愿意把自己兜里的银子白白分出去?所以对开海之事非常抗拒。
(本章未完,请点击下一页继续阅读)第381章彻底放开海禁?(第2/2页)
再加上明中后期党争激烈,任何政策调整都可能成为攻讦的借口。为了避免“授人以柄”,多数官员不愿推动开海这类争议性极大的政策。
因此,“维持现状”、“恪守祖制”就成了最安全、最不会出错的选择。
“那月港年关税收入是多少啊?”朱由校看似随意地问道。
“回陛下,去岁月港……一年收入约五万两白银。”毕自严略微一沉吟,报出了这个数字。
“五万两?”朱由校听到这个数字,先是微微一怔,随即气笑了,笑声中带着凛冽的寒意,
“我大明唯一的官方海贸口岸,一年税收才五万两?这是把朕当成沿街乞讨的乞丐了啊!”
他猛地收起笑容,目光如刀锋般扫过殿内群臣,声音陡然提高:“毕爱卿,还有诸位!你们可知,我大明海商,一年之利究竟是多少?”
不等有人回答,他便厉声道:“据锦衣卫暗查密报,仅福建、广东等数家海商巨室,每年运往南洋、倭国、乃至极西之地的丝绸,就不下数十万匹!瓷器、茶叶更是不计其数!”
“一批在苏州价值百两银子的上等丝绸,运到吕宋便可价值五六百两,若能有船抵达欧罗巴的佛郎机、红毛夷等国,售价可达一千五百两以上!翻着十倍、十五倍的利!”
“
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