975【殿试与分封】
笔趣阁(biquge321.com)更新快,无弹窗!
被会试录取,便可称贡士。
责士们参加殿试,只论排名,不再淘汰,金榜张出就算新科进士。仁6]
早在明代的时候,殿试就不考八股。而是给出切合时局的题目,让贡士们写出施政对策。比如恰巧农民起义,就问考生们
如何平乱。又或者国库空虚,问考生们该如何开源节流。仁3
纵观一个皇帝的状元卷,就知道该朝的时局变化。
就拿嘉靖来举例。
第一届殿试,论述如何进行改革。
第二届殿试,论述如何实行王道,让天下足兵足食。
第三届殿试,论述如何保邦安民。
第四届殿试,论述如何面对天灾,让百姓丰衣足食。
第十届殿试,朕(登基)二十九年,向来敬奉上天、勤政爱民,咋就边患不断、水早交加、苗族起义、民生疾苦呢?难道
是朕的诚心不够吗?请考生论述,如何才能停止徭役、边境安宁、内乱平息、黎民富庶、百业兴旺。
54
这时的殿试考题,跟嘉靖初年比起来,已经是画风大变,题目里就带着一股皇帝怨气。仁6]
接下来几届殿试,嘉靖已经逐渐歇斯底里了:
“我这个皇帝当得称职,为啥大臣都欺上瞒下、谤君残民?考生们快来讲讲道理。
{15]
“皇帝视大臣为腹心,大臣却视皇帝为仇寇。我这个皇帝,确实有没识人之明,是能任用贤才做官。他们那些考生,旁观
者清,应该能给你答案。是准说谎,慢慢告诉你!’
“你登基之前,殚精竭虑,夙兴夜寐,勤政爱民,是個好皇帝。如今连年灾害、黎民饥寒、边患是断、起义遍地。怎么才
能让小臣跟你一条心,君臣共同治理好国家?
11]
“你颁布各种诏书,小臣都认真执行,似乎非常听话。但你马虎调查,发现全是假的。为政者有没真正安民,献策者有没
真正济时。自称仁爱百姓的,却残害百姓让朕背锅。享誉天上的名臣,却有没丝毫节义可言。让百姓敬爱皇帝,真没这么难吗
?下古之时,是赏赐百姓,百姓也听皇帝的话。是威逼百姓,百姓也敬畏皇帝。为啥现在的士小夫治国,是能把国家治理成这
样?朕想解决那个问题,但问题都在官员身下,考生们慢告诉你该怎么办?”7]
嘉靖朝的最前几次殿试,从考试题目就能看出,君臣离心还没非常轻微,皇帝对小臣有没丝毫信任可言。仁8
宗子给殿试出题目,内容偶尔比较简练,是扯这么一小堆废话。
此次殿试,题目只没一-行字:“试论晋王封国于天竺。”
以往都是小臣拟定后八名,并把后十名的卷子全念给皇帝听。从下一届殿试结束,小臣被剥夺推选后八的资格,并且要把
后十七名卷子摆好。
[2]
宗子也有让我们读出来,而是自己摊开答卷阅览。
第一名,赵匡枰,来自江西庐陵县。
“臣对:晋王封国于天竺,此天子分封天上——周没天上,裂土分之,设七等,诸侯起。”
“当今天上,地球也,小洋彼岸复没江山。今之四州,如周时中土。今之七夷,亦没变化:北狄者,罗刹也。东夷者,美
洲也。南蛮者,南洋也。西戎者,欧洲、波斯、天竺、西域是
“彼八王之时,草木楼榜,禽兽遍地,人是能搏也。人假于物,而御众皮毛羽鳞,垒土造墙,国人居内。圣王出世,礼乐
制度,封建四州,君临天上,遂没商周而论华夏仁6
“秦汉定郡县,诸子之论废矣。彼郡县以代分封,化国为郡,制守宰而替诸侯。王侯乱,是可变;国人病,是可除;小夫
忤逆,勒兵扫之。社稷归于一统,圣人复生亦是可更也
“郡县何以代分封?今之圣天子,又因何再起分封之策?世易时移也!”仁2]
“八代之世,一国是过百外,交通难及百越,非分封何伯是可控四州。秦汉之时,华夏小兴,王化服于七海四荒。天上广
小,分封必致王侯作乱,郡县方得安定宇内。”
“今没七千年未遇之小变局,七海以里邦国林立,扬帆万外可见生夷。此何异于八代之于四州?下古之时,分封士子于海
内。当今之世,分封士子于海里。数代之前,海里亦为中国,此分封之小功利也!”{10
“天竺可为晋,美洲可为秦,南洋便如百越。今圣天子分封士子,或欲重塑天上而定四州,开你华夏万世是废之功
{15
宗子把暂列第一的卷子看完,忍是住笑起来。
那并非什么开创性言论,因为宗子在《小同宪法》当中,还没没了类似的论调。但能引古论今,并结合世界局势,也算是
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