第101章 谱牒学者
笔趣阁(biquge321.com)更新快,无弹窗!
三公。
三世内有为三公者乃可称“膏粱”!
所以在当时,严格来说,膏粱子弟可不是随便叫的,首先得是高门士族,其次是往上三代,得有人做过三公官,才能称为膏粱子弟。
故而无论谢星涵还是柳憕,都只能算作“华腴”,而非“膏粱”。
此时,真正的“华腴贵少”柳憕正用紫绸帕掩鼻,坐在戴志高对面,防止自己吸入因故纸掀动而产生的飞灰。
不知过了多久,戴志高站起,双腿因长时间没有改换坐姿而变得麻木,但他又要马上行一个标准优雅的揖手礼,所以动作就显得有些笨拙滑稽:“柳公子,小人已经考证完毕。”
“结果如何?”柳憕心怀忐忑地问道。
戴志高递上三张满是墨字图画的纸,一字一顿地说道:“此人绝非琅琊王氏!”
柳憕大喜!放下手帕,声音都不自觉地带上了颤音:“能确定吗?”
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注:关於“膏粱”和“华腴”的定义出自《新唐书·柳冲传》:“郡姓者,以中|国士人差第阀阅为之。制:凡三世有三公者曰‘膏粱’,有令丶仆者曰‘华腴’。”
此论为唐代史家柳芳追述北朝制度,唐长孺先生《论北魏孝文帝定姓族》推断此乃北魏太和十八年“定四海士族”之规定,应该是不错的。
虽然是北朝制度,但选取“膏粱”丶“华腴”这样的概念,绝非随意为之,而是反映出当时社会约定俗成的一种观念。
比如要给牛排分级S丶A丶B丶C,当先有S高於A,A高於B之人所共知的观念,然後在定牛排品级时用SABC的分等,人们才不觉得迷惑。
定“膏粱”丶“华腴”亦是如此。考南朝史料,关於这类词的使用已颇为严格。以膏粱为例,比如宋武帝刘裕称琅琊王氏的王昙首丶王球:“并膏粱世德”。(《南史·王昙首传》)王昙首之父王珣死时获赠司徒,曾祖王导更不用说,活着的时候就做了三公;王球父亲王谧位至司徒,曾祖也是王导。两人都符合“三世有三公”的定义。
再比如南齐时琅琊王氏的两兄弟,王志谓王寂曰:“汝膏粱年少,何患不达?”(《南齐书·王寂传》)王寂乃大名臣王僧虔之子。王僧虔去世时获赠司空,也是三公官。
也有不符合三世三公条件的但被称膏粱的,但那是在特殊场合,比如南北外交时,北臣李孝伯说张畅“君南土膏粱”。(《宋书·张畅传》)张畅也是高门大族,父祖虽显达,但都没做到三公官,所以张畅回答说“膏粱之言,诚以为愧”,这既是谦词,也是确实没达到“膏粱”的标准。
更有意思是特别喜欢自吹的,比如刘宋时的荀伯子“常自矜荫籍之美”,意思就是以自己门第血统自傲,有一次和琅琊王氏的王弘说:“天下膏粱,唯使君与下官耳!”(《宋书·荀伯子传》)
王弘就是之前提到的那个王昙首的哥哥,王导的曾孙。一家三世两公,称膏粱没问题。可这个荀伯子就差点意思了,他家三世虽然都做高官,但只有曾祖父荀崧做到“开府仪同三司”,三司就是三公,仪同三司就是开府建衙用三公的仪制,近似三公,但严格来说,实质官位其实没到三公。
这就相当於什麽呢,打个不太恰当的比喻,与王扬穿越时代几乎同时的地球另一边,东哥特王子和拜占庭皇子说:“天下顶级贵族,就你和我了。”
拜占庭皇子:???
荀伯子三世之内的官位虽然不如王弘家,但颍川荀氏的底蕴却是很深的,从时间上说比琅琊王氏起家还要早。这个荀伯子是荀彧的七世孙,他写过《荀氏家传》,里面说自己家“六世九公”,比袁绍家四世三公还牛,所以傲一点也就可以理解了。
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